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Each Peptide Explained

One peptide at a time, in plain language. Each explainer is guided by a character from the Peptide Curious cast — the "I'm a cell and I don't feel so well" series — with a short animation, a mechanism diagram, and a summary of what published research does and doesn't show.

What is a Peptide? Curio explains

About two minutes, with captions. Short on time? The one-minute version is in the Shorts →

How to read these. These pages summarise laboratory and animal research plus review articles. Most of the human evidence is limited or preliminary. Nothing here is a recommendation to use any compound, and none of it is dosing guidance.
BPC-157 mascot
The Repair Crew

BPC-157

A 15-amino-acid fragment found in stomach juice, studied for tissue healing, blood-vessel support, and cellular protection.

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KPV mascot
Cooling Inflammation

KPV

A three-amino-acid tail of alpha-MSH, studied for turning down inflammatory signaling at the source.

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TB-500 mascot
Getting Resources There

TB-500

A synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, studied for helping repair cells move to where they're needed.

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GHK-Cu mascot
Clearing & Rebuilding

GHK-Cu

A copper-binding tripeptide, studied mostly in skin research for balanced tissue remodeling.

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MOTS-c mascot
The Power Plant Operator

MOTS-c

A mitochondrial-derived peptide, studied for switching on the cell's energy sensor (AMPK).

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Semax mascot
Mental Clarity

Semax

A synthetic peptide studied for supporting BDNF and brain-recovery pathways.

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SS-31 mascot
The Transmission Specialist

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

An engineered peptide studied for stabilising the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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NAD+ mascot
The Cellular Energy Carrier

NAD+

A coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and aging research.

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GLP-3 mascot
The Triple-Signal Coordinator

GLP-3

Our name for triple-receptor agonist research — GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon in one peptide.

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Glutathione mascot
The Cellular Defender

Glutathione

A tripeptide and the body's most abundant intracellular antioxidant.

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Selank mascot
Calm & Stress Response

Selank

A seven-amino-acid peptide built from an immune-system fragment, studied for stress response, anxiety pathways, and brain–immune signaling.

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DSIP mascot
The Sleep Signal

DSIP

A nine-amino-acid peptide first found in sleep research in the 1970s, still an open question for scientists.

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Epitalon mascot
The Longevity Timekeeper

Epitalon

A four-amino-acid peptide based on a pineal gland extract, studied for telomeres, the body clock, and aging.

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PT-141 mascot
The Desire Signal

PT-141

A melanocortin peptide, also called bremelanotide, studied for how the brain regulates desire and arousal.

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Melanotan II mascot
The Pigment Messenger

Melanotan II

A synthetic alpha-MSH analog first designed to stimulate skin pigmentation, with wide-ranging effects across melanocortin receptors.

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HCG mascot
The Hormone Messenger

HCG

The pregnancy hormone, a large signaling hormone with a long clinical history and a well-known weight-loss myth.

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Tesamorelin mascot
The Growth-Hormone Signal

Tesamorelin

A 44-amino-acid growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog, studied for abdominal fat and with one FDA-approved use.

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Educational and editorial content only. Not medical advice. Content may discuss emerging or investigational research not approved for clinical use.